Moringa oleifera, also known as the drumstick tree, is a plant native to the Indian subcontinent that has been used for centuries in traditional medicine to treat a variety of ailments.
In recent years, interest in moringa’s potential as an alternative medicine has grown, as scientists have begun to study its chemical properties and their potential health benefits.
This article will review the current research on moringa’s potential as an alternative medicine and explore the future possibilities for this plant-based treatment.
Chemical Composition of Moringa
Moringa contains a variety of chemical compounds, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, glucosinolates, and alkaloids.
These compounds have been found to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties, which may contribute to moringa’s health benefits.
1. Flavonoids:
They are compounds that are found in many fruits and vegetables and are known to have antioxidant properties.
Research has shown that moringa contains a variety of flavonoids,including quercetin, kaempferol, and rutin.
These flavonoids have been found to have anti-inflammatory properties and may help to reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as cancer and heart disease.
2. Phenolic acids:
They are another class of compounds found in moringa. These compounds have been found to have antioxidant properties and may help to reduce inflammation in the body.
Research has shown that moringa contains several phenolic acids, including chlorogenic acid, which has been found to have anti-inflammatory properties and may help to reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes.
3. Glucosinolates
These are sulfur-containing compounds that are found in many cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli and cabbage.
These compounds have been found to have anti-cancer properties and may help to reduce the risk of certain types of cancer.
Research has shown that moringa contains several glucosinolates, including glucomoringin, which has been found to have anti-cancer properties and may help to reduce the risk of certain types of cancer.
4. Alkaloids:
These are the nitrogen-containing compounds that are found in many plants and have a variety of pharmacological properties.
Research has shown that moringa contains several alkaloids, including moringine and moringinine, which have been found to have antispasmodic properties and may help to reduce the risk of certain types of seizures.
Potential Health Benefits of Moringa
The chemical composition of moringa has been found to have a variety of potential health benefits. Some of the potential health benefits of moringa include:
Anti-inflammatory properties
Inflammation is a natural process that occurs in the body in response to injury or infection. However, chronic inflammation can lead to the development of chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer.
Moringa’s anti-inflammatory properties may help to reduce inflammation in the body and therefore reduce the risk of these chronic diseases.
A study published in the Journal of Medicinal Food in 2009 found that moringa leaf extract had significant anti-inflammatory effects in a rat model of acute inflammation.
The researchers attributed this effect to the presence of several flavonoids and phenolic acids in the extract.
Another study published in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology in 2015 found that moringa leaf extract had anti-inflammatory effects in a mouse model of allergic asthma.
The researchers suggested that the anti-inflammatory effects of the extract were due to its ability to inhibit the production of inflammatory cytokines.
Antioxidant properties
Free radicals are unstable molecules that can damage cells and contribute to the development of chronic diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and diabetes.
Antioxidants are compounds that can neutralize free radicals and protect cells from damage.
Moringa’s antioxidant properties may help to protect the body from damage caused by free radicals and reduce the risk of these chronic diseases.
A study published in the Journal of Food Science and Technology in 2014 found that moringa leaf extract had significant antioxidant activity in a test tube study.
The researchers attributed this effect to the presence of several flavonoids and phenolic acids in the extract.
Another study published in the Journal of Medicinal Food in 2014 found that moringa leaf extract had significant antioxidant activity in a rat model of liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride.
The researchers suggested that the antioxidant effects of the extract were due to its ability to increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes.
Anti-cancer properties
Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells.
Moringa’s anti-cancer properties may help to reduce the risk of certain types of cancer.
A study published in the Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention in 2014 found that moringa leaf extract had significant anti-cancer activity in a test tube study.
The researchers attributed this effect to the presence of several glucosinolates and flavonoids in the extract.
Another study published in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry in 2014 found that moringa leaf extract had significant anti-cancer activity in a mouse model of breast cancer.
The researchers suggested that the anti-cancer effects of the extract were due to its ability to inhibit the growth and spread of cancer cells.
Anti-diabetic properties
Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by high blood sugar levels. Moringa’s anti-diabetic properties may help to reduce blood sugar levels and reduce the risk of diabetes.
A study published in the Journal of Diabetes in 2012 found that moringa leaf powder had significant anti-diabetic effects in a rat model of diabetes.
The researchers suggested that the anti-diabetic effects of the powder were due to its ability to increase insulin secretion and improve insulin sensitivity.
Another study published in the Journal of Medicinal Food in 2014 found that moringa leaf extract had significant anti-diabetic effects in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes.
The researchers suggested that the anti-diabetic effects of the extract were due to its ability to increase insulin sensitivity and reduce inflammation.
Anti-microbial properties
Recent research has shown that it has antimicrobial properties that may make it useful in fighting infections caused by bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
Studies have shown that Moringa has the ability to inhibit the growth of a variety of microorganisms.
This includes bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium, which are commonly associated with foodborne illness and other infections.
Moringa has also been shown to be effective against certain viruses, including herpes simplex virus and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
In addition, Moringa has been found to have antifungal properties, which make it effective against a variety of fungal infections.
Future Possibilities for Moringa as an Alternative Medicine
Moringa’s potential as an alternative medicine is still being explored, and there is much that remains to be learned about this plant. However, some potential future possibilities for moringa as an alternative medicine include:
Treating inflammation:
Moringa contains several anti-inflammatory compounds, including flavonoids and phenolic acids.
These compounds have been shown to inhibit the production of inflammatory cytokines in the body, which could make moringa a useful treatment for conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, and other autoimmune diseases.
Managing blood sugar levels:
Moringa contains compounds that can help regulate glucose metabolism, which may make it useful for managing blood sugar levels in people with diabetes.
Some studies have shown that taking moringa leaf powder can reduce fasting blood glucose levels and improve insulin sensitivity.
Supporting cardiovascular health:
Moringa contains compounds that can help lower cholesterol levels and reduce blood pressure.
One study found that taking moringa leaf powder reduced LDL (“bad”) cholesterol levels in patients with hypercholesterolemia.
Additionally, moringa has been shown to improve endothelial function, which is important for maintaining healthy blood vessels.
Boosting the immune system:
Moringa is rich in antioxidants, which can help protect the body from oxidative stress and inflammation.
Additionally, moringa contains compounds that can stimulate the production of immune cells and help fight off infections.
Improving cognitive function:
Moringa contains compounds that can protect the brain from oxidative stress and inflammation, which are both implicated in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.
Some studies have found that moringa can improve cognitive function in rats and mice, but more research is needed to confirm its effects in humans.
Supporting liver function:
Moringa contains compounds that can help protect the liver from damage and promote regeneration of liver cells.
One study found that taking moringa leaf extract improved liver function in patients with hepatitis B.
Overall, the potential uses of moringa as an alternative medicine are varied and exciting. While more research is needed to fully understand its effects, moringa’s many health-promoting properties make it a promising area of study for researchers and healthcare practitioners alike.
Crude Products of Moringa
Moringa is a versatile plant that is known for its various nutritional and medicinal benefits. The plant is cultivated in many parts of the world, particularly in Asia and Africa, and is used in various ways to produce different products. Here are some of the crude products of Moringa:
- Moringa Tea: Moringa tea is made by steeping dried Moringa leaves in hot water. It has a slightly earthy taste, similar to green tea, and is often consumed as a daily tonic due to its many health benefits. Moringa tea is rich in antioxidants, which can help protect the body against damage from free radicals, and it is also a good source of vitamins and minerals, including vitamin C, calcium, and potassium.
- Moringa Powder: Moringa powder is made by drying and grinding the Moringa leaves into a fine powder. It has a mild, slightly earthy taste and is often used as a nutritional supplement. Moringa powder is high in protein, vitamins, and minerals, and is particularly rich in vitamin C, iron, and calcium. It is often added to smoothies, soups, and sauces, or sprinkled on top of salads and other dishes for a nutritional boost.
- Moringa seeds: Moringa seeds are used to purify water due to their coagulating properties. They can also be roasted and eaten as a snack or used to make a nutritious tea.
- Moringa Oil: Moringa oil is extracted from the seeds of the Moringa tree and is a popular ingredient in the cosmetic industry. It is high in antioxidants and is known for its moisturizing and anti-aging properties. Moringa oil is often used in skin care products, such as moisturizers, serums, and masks, as well as hair care products, like conditioners and treatments.
- Moringa Capsules: Moringa capsules are a convenient way to consume Moringa. They are made by drying and grinding the Moringa leaves and then encapsulating the powder. Moringa capsules are often marketed as a natural supplement for energy, immune support, and overall health. They are said to contain a variety of nutrients, including vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, and are often taken daily as a dietary supplement.
- Moringa Soap: Moringa soap is made by adding Moringa oil to soap base. It is often used for its cleansing and moisturizing properties, and is said to be particularly beneficial for people with sensitive skin, acne, or eczema. Moringa soap is often made with all-natural ingredients and is free from harsh chemicals and synthetic fragrances. It is often used in conjunction with other Moringa products, such as Moringa oil or Moringa powder, for a holistic approach to skin care.
Overall, Moringa is a versatile plant that can be used in many different ways to produce various crude products that offer numerous health benefits.
Conclusion
The research on Moringa’s potential as an alternative medicine suggests that it may offer a range of health benefits.
Moringa contains numerous phytochemicals and nutrients that have been linked to anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties, as well as potential anti-cancer effects.
However, the majority of the research has been conducted on animals or in vitro, and more human clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings and determine the optimal doses and formulations.
Despite these limitations, Moringa’s potential as a natural remedy is promising, and it could provide a complementary approach to conventional medicine. With further research and development, Moringa has the potential to offer safe, effective, and accessible alternatives to traditional treatments for various health conditions.
References
- Moringa oleifera: A review on nutritive importance and its medicinal applicationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2016.04.001
- Santos, T.R.T., Silva, M.F., Nishi, L. et al. Erratum to: Development of a magnetic coagulant based on Moringa oleifera seed extract for water treatment. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 7701 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6281-5
- Pareek, Ashutosh & Pant, Malvika & Gupta, Madan & Kashania, Pushpa & Ratan, Yashumati & Jain, Vivek & Pareek, Aaushi & Chuturgoon, Anil. (2023). Moringa oleifera: An Updated Comprehensive Review of Its Pharmacological Activities, Ethnomedicinal, Phytopharmaceutical Formulation, Clinical, Phytochemical, and Toxicological Aspects. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 24. 2098. 10.3390/ijms24032098.https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032098
- Stohs, S. J., & Hartman, M. J. (2015). Review of the Safety and Efficacy of Moringa oleifera. Phytotherapy research : PTR, 29(6), 796–804. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5325
- Padla, Eleanor P., Solis, Ludivina T., Levida, Ruel M., Shen, Chien-Chang and Ragasa, Consolacion Y.. “Antimicrobial Isothiocyanates from the Seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam.” Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, vol. 67, no. 11-12, 2012, pp. 557-564. https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-2012-11-1205
- Saini, R. K., Sivanesan, I., & Keum, Y. S. (2016). Phytochemicals of Moringa oleifera: a review of their nutritional, therapeutic and industrial significance. 3 Biotech, 6(2), 203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-016-0526-3
- Leone, A., Spada, A., Battezzati, A., Schiraldi, A., Aristil, J., & Bertoli, S. (2015). Cultivation, Genetic, Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Moringa oleifera Leaves: An Overview. International journal of molecular sciences, 16(6), 12791–12835. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms160612791
- Studies on the antiulcer activity of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on gastric ulcer models in ratshttps://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2650090618
- Pareek, A.; Pant, M.; Gupta, M.M.; Kashania, P.; Ratan, Y.; Jain, V.; Pareek, A.; Chuturgoon, A.A. Ethnomedicinal Properties and Pharmacological Uses of Moringa oleifera. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/41130 (accessed on 21 March 2023).
